来自英国著名研究所Rothamsted Research的科学家，发表了题为Uncovering Trait Associations Resulting in Maximal Seed Yield in Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape的文章，文章发表于著名期刊Front. Plant Sci., 06 September 2021。此前来自Rothamsted Research的科学家详细介绍过VideometerLab这款多光谱成像产品，用于草莓品质评估。

Front. Plant Sci., 06 September 2021|https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.697576

Uncovering Trait Associations Resulting in Maximal Seed Yield in Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape

Laura Siles1, Kirsty L. Hassall2, Cristina Sanchis Gritsch1, PeterJ.Eastmond1 and Smita Kurup1*

1Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom

2Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom

Seed yield is a complex trait for many crop species including oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus), the second most important oilseed crop worldwide. Studies have focused on the contribution of distinct factors in seed yield such as environmental cues, agronomical practices, growth conditions, or specific phenotypic traits at the whole plant level, such as number of pods in a plant. However, how female reproductive traits contribute to whole plant level traits, and hence to seed yield, has been largely ignored. Here, we describe the combined contribution of 33 phenotypic traits within a B. napus diversity set population and their trade-offs at the whole plant and organ level, along with their interaction with plant level traits. Our results revealed that both Winter OSR (WOSR) and Spring OSR (SOSR); the two more economically important OSR groups in terms of oil production; share a common dominant reproductive strategy for seed yield. In this strategy, the main inflorescence is the principal source of seed yield, producing a good number of ovules, a large number of long pods with a concomitantly high number of seeds per pod. Moreover, we observed that WOSR opted for additional reproductive strategies than SOSR, presenting more plasticity to maximise seed yield. Overall, we conclude that OSR adopts a key strategy to ensure maximal seed yield and propose an ideal ideotype highlighting crucial phenotypic traits that could be potential targets for breeding. 

揭示冬春油菜种子产量最大化的性状关联机制 

种子产量是包括油菜（Brassica napus）在内的许多作物品种的一个复杂性状，油菜是世界上第二重要的油料作物。目前研究集中在不同因素对种子产量的贡献上，如环境因素、农艺措施、生长条件或整株水平上的特定表型特征，如一株植物的荚数。然而，雌性生殖性状如何影响整株水平性状，从而影响种子产量，在很大程度上被忽视。在这里，我们描述了甘蓝型油菜多样性群体中33个表型性状的综合贡献，它们在整个植株和器官水平上的权衡以及它们与植株水平性状的相互作用。结果表明，冬季和春季的OSR（WOSR）；就油产量而言，两个更具经济重要性的OSR群分享一个共同的种子产量优势繁殖策略。在这一策略中，主花序是种子产量的主要来源，产生大量胚珠和长荚，同时每荚种子数量也很高。此外，我们观察到WOSR较SOSR而言，选择了额外的繁殖策略，表现出更大的可塑性以最大限度地提高种子产量。总之，结论是，OSR采取了一项关键策略来确保最大的种子产量，我们并提出了一个理想的理想株型，重点关注可能成为育种潜在目标的关键表型性状。